Traffic-Light Framework on Subsidy Issue

今日のInternational Tradeの授業のポイント。自分用メモ。

GATTのSubsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement (SCM) では、subsidy（補助金）とcountervailing duties（CVDs。相殺関税）の関係について、以下のように規定。

• あらゆる補助金は、以下の3つのカテゴリーのいずれかに分類される。
• Red-light： export subsidies（輸出補助金） → そもそも禁止。
• Green-light： 以下の3つのタイプのいずれかに当たる補助金であって、所定の条件を満たすもの → 全面的にOK、つまり、“non-actionable”＝これに対するCVDsの発動は不可。
• research [SCM art. 8.2(a)]
• disadvanaged regions [SCM art. 8.2(b)]
• environmental requirements [SCM art. 8.2(c)]
• Yellow-light： 上記2カテゴリー以外のすべての補助金。→ 当該補助金が以下のいずれかを引き起こしていると判断される場合は“actionable”＝CVDs発動可能。
• injury in another member country's domestic market [SCM art. 5(a)]
• nullification or impairment of GATT benefits [SCM art. 5(b)]
• serious prejudice to members in other countries [SCM art. 5(c)]

このうち、environmental requirementsに係る規定の原文は以下のとおり。

8.1 The following subsidies shall be considered as non-actionable:
(a), (b) （略）
(c) assistance to promote adaptation of existing facilities* to new environmental requirements imposed by law and/or regulations which result in greater constraints and financial burden on firms, provided that the assistance:
(i) is a one-time non-recurring measure; and
(ii) is limited to 20 per cent of the cost of adaptation; and
(iii) does not cover the cost of replacing and operating the assisted investment, which must be fully borne by firms; and
(iv) is directly linked to and proportionate to a firm's planned reduction of nuisances and pollution, and does not cover any manufacturing cost savings which may be achieved; and
(v) is available to all firms which can adopt the new equipment and/or production processes.

* The term "existing facilities" means facilities which have been in operation for at least two years at the time when new environmental requirements are imposed.

久しぶりに「係る」とか言ってみた。変な日本語（笑）

my room, Washington DC, Nov 11, 23:45